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Mycoplasmas as cofactors in infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus
1Institut Pasteur, Département du SIDA et des Rétrovirus, Unité d'Oncologie Virale, Paris, France.
Abstract:
Results obtained in vitro suggest that mycoplasmas act as cofactors with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the development of AIDS. Mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma pirum, and Mycoplasma penetrans have since been isolated from HIV-infected individuals. In addition, M. fermentans has been detected by different investigators in numerous tissues and in the blood of HIV-infected patients. Higher titers of antibodies to M. penetrans have also been found in HIV-infected patients as compared with noninfected individuals. These mycoplasmas have been shown to have the capacity to invade cells and to be potent immunomodulators. Although there is no doubt that mycoplasmas are found in HIV-infected individuals and eventually produce systemic infections, their pathogenic role in association with HIV remains to be determined.
Insights
Mycoplasmas may act as cofactors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in AIDS development. While found in HIV patients, their exact role in disease progression requires further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Mycoplasmas are microorganisms that can infect humans.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS.
- Previous in vitro studies suggested a link between mycoplasmas and HIV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and potential role of mycoplasmas in HIV-infected individuals.
- To explore the pathogenic potential of mycoplasmas in the context of HIV infection.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of mycoplasmas from HIV-infected patients.
- Detection of Mycoplasma fermentans in tissues and blood.
- Measurement of antibody titers to Mycoplasma penetrans.
Main Results:
- Mycoplasmas, including M. fermentans, M. pirum, and M. penetrans, were isolated from HIV-infected individuals.
- M. fermentans was detected in various tissues and blood samples.
- Elevated antibody levels to M. penetrans were observed in HIV-infected patients.
- Mycoplasmas demonstrated cell invasion and immunomodulatory capabilities.
Conclusions:
- Mycoplasmas are frequently found in HIV-infected individuals and can cause systemic infections.
- The specific pathogenic role of mycoplasmas in conjunction with HIV in AIDS development is not yet fully understood.