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Moderate hypercapnia: cardiovascular function and nitrogen elimination

D Anderson1, J George, C E Lundgren

  • 1Hermann Rahn Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, New York 14214.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
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Elevated carbon dioxide levels during diving do not affect nitrogen elimination despite increasing heart rate. This study found no significant changes in nitrogen loading or elimination, suggesting diver safety is maintained.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Elevated carbon dioxide (hypercarbia) is common in diving operations.
  • Hypercarbia may potentially affect cardiovascular function and nitrogen balance.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for diver safety and operational planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on whole-body nitrogen elimination rates.
  • To determine if cardiovascular changes induced by hypercarbia influence nitrogen loading and elimination.
  • To assess the relationship between hypercarbia, heart rate, and tissue perfusion in divers.

Main Methods:

  • Six subjects breathed gas mixtures with varying carbon dioxide levels (0%, 3%, 5%) for 125 minutes.

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  • Whole-body nitrogen elimination rates were measured using a rebreathing apparatus and gas chromatography.
  • Heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and tissue perfusion were simultaneously monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences were observed in mean nitrogen yields across all tested carbon dioxide concentrations.
    • A significant increase in heart rate was noted when breathing 5% carbon dioxide compared to 0% and 3%.
    • Increases in heart rate were not associated with significant changes in cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, or tissue perfusion.

    Conclusions:

    • At the tested levels of hypercarbia (3-5% CO2), tissue perfusion is not significantly altered.
    • The observed cardiovascular changes do not influence whole-body nitrogen elimination rates.
    • These findings suggest that moderate hypercarbia encountered in diving operations does not compromise nitrogen balance.