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Critical path method: an important tool for coordinating clinical care

P A Hofmann1

  • 1Mount Clemens General Hospital, MI.

The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Mount Clemens General Hospital developed its own Critical Path Method (CPM) to improve total quality management. This internal approach led to fewer complications and shorter hospital stays for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Management
  • Quality Improvement
  • Clinical Pathways

Background:

  • Mount Clemens General Hospital (MCGH) sought to implement the Critical Path Method (CPM) for enhancing total quality management in clinical settings.
  • Existing external approaches like case managers or consultants were deemed unsuitable due to customization challenges, prompting MCGH to develop an internal CPM program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement an internally created Critical Path Method (CPM) program.
  • To assess the effectiveness of the CPM in improving patient care and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A nine-category developmental process was followed, including literature search, steering group formation, and pilot program implementation.
  • A pilot study focused on coronary artery bypass graft patients to evaluate the CPM's impact.

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Main Results:

  • The pilot study involving 44 patients showed a significant reduction in complication rates (5% with CPM vs. 16.6% without).
  • Patients managed with the CPM experienced a shorter overall length of stay compared to those without the CPM.
  • These preliminary findings are based on a six-month pilot and require further research for conclusive evidence.

Conclusions:

  • The CPM is most effective within a communicative and committed healthcare environment, fostering a shared understanding of patient care processes.
  • The hospital plans to explore the application of CPM to other diagnoses, guided by a multidisciplinary steering committee.