Peri- and postnatal developmental toxicity of beta-myrcene in the rat

beta-Myrcene (MYR) and essential oils containing this monoterpene have been widely used as scenting agents in cosmetics, detergents, soaps, and as flavouring additives in food and beverages. Recently, MYR was reported to be an analgesic substance and the active principle of lemongrass tea. Despite the importance of human exposure to MYR, its toxicological profile has not been comprehensively studied. The aim of this study was to provide data on the peri- and postnatal developmental toxicity of this terpene. MYR (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg) in corn oil was given by gavage to female Wistar rats from day 15 of pregnancy, parturition and throughout the period of lactation up to weaning (postnatal day 21). The progeny were examined at birth and subsequently to weaning. Mortality, weight gain and physical signs of postnatal development (ear unfolding, incisor eruption, fur development and eye opening) were evaluated. When the exposed offspring reached maturity (120 days) their reproductive capacity was assessed. No adverse effects on the offspring were seen with the lowest dose tested, but 0.5 g/kg and higher doses decreased birth weight, increased perinatal mortality and delayed the day of appearance of landmarks of postnatal development. Moreover, fertility was impaired in female offspring exposed to the two highest doses of MYR. From the data presented in this paper the no-observed-adverse-effect level for peri- and postnatal developmental toxicity could be set at 0.25 g beta-myrcene/kg body weight.