A review of gentamicin use in neonates

Gram-negative sepsis contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of gram-negative infections. However, developmental differences of the neonate (compared with the older child or adult) influence the drug's disposition in the body. Administration, distribution, elimination, as well as susceptibility to toxicities may be altered in the neonatal period because of these pharmacokinetic differences. A literature review reveals pharmacokinetic differences of the neonate that affect gentamicin dosing. Nursing considerations affected by the developmental differences of the neonate include knowing appropriate dosages and routes of administration, pathophysiological and pharmacological conditions that affect gentamicin disposition, serum monitoring, and evaluation of adverse reactions and toxicities.