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Temporal bone pathology in scuba diving deaths

P J Antonelli1, G J Parell, G D Becker

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
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Scuba diving deaths often involve rapid ascent, causing widespread bleeding in the middle ear and inner ear damage. Most inner ear injuries observed in divers are not surgically treatable.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Diving Medicine

Background:

  • Scuba diving is linked to otologic injuries.
  • Temporal bone pathology in diving fatalities is understudied.
  • Rapid ascent is a common factor in diving-related deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temporal bone pathology in divers who died.
  • To correlate findings with diving accidents, particularly rapid ascent.
  • To understand the extent and nature of inner ear damage.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of 18 temporal bones from 11 deceased divers.
  • Analysis of pathology related to rapid ascent complications.
  • Histopathological assessment of middle and inner ear structures.

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Main Results:

  • Nearly universal bleeding into the middle ear and mastoid air cells.
  • Inner ear damage included hemorrhage near Reissner's and round window membranes.
  • Rupture of the utricle and saccule was observed.
  • Most inner ear damage was deemed not surgically treatable.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid ascent in scuba diving causes significant otologic trauma.
  • Inner ear damage, including membrane hemorrhage and sac rupture, is common.
  • The observed inner ear pathologies are largely irreversible and untreatable surgically.