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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
Published on: July 24, 2012
The physics of spinal manipulation: work-energy and impulse-momentum principles
1Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract:
The purpose of this article was to illustrate that the work-energy and impulse-momentum relations are derived from Newton's second law, and, thus, will give identical results to F = ma for any force system analysis. It should be noted that using the work-energy or the impulse-momentum approach requires that all external forces acting on a system are considered. Furthermore, it must be emphasized that any force acting internal to the system (e.g., muscular forces in the system "chiropractor") do not enter these equations.
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