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Structural development of endocardial cushions

R R Markwald, T P Fitzharris, F J Manasek

The American Journal of Anatomy

|January 1, 1977

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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This study reveals how cardiac mesenchyme cells form endocardial cushions in developing chick and rat embryos, originating from endothelium and migrating to form heart structures. The research identifies key developmental stages and potential causes of congenital heart defects.

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cardiovascular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Endocardial cushions are crucial for heart valve and septal formation.
The origin and cellular mechanisms of cardiac mesenchyme development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the origin of cardiac mesenchyme.
To detail the morphologic sequences of endocardial cushion formation.
To investigate the secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by migrating mesenchymal cells.

Main Methods:

Histology with Nomarski optics
Electron microscopy (scanning and transmission)
Cytochemistry (acidified dialyzed iron)
Autoradiography (35S)

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Main Results:

Cardiac mesenchyme cells likely originate from endothelium proliferation.
Mesenchymal cells exhibit migratory behavior using extracellular matrix as a substrate.
Developing cushions secrete sulfated macromolecules and potentially modify the extracellular matrix.

Conclusions:

Endocardial cushion development is conserved between chick and rat embryos.
Disruptions in this developmental sequence can lead to congenital heart defects, such as valvular or septal abnormalities.