Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes

C E Izard1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark 19716.

Psychological Review
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes four emotion-generating systems, including three noncognitive pathways, challenging the focus on cognitive processes alone. This hierarchical model, from neural to cognitive, offers an evolutionary advantage for adaptation.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emotional intelligence or adaptive emotions?

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2003
Same author

Family structure and the externalizing behavior of children from economically disadvantaged families.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·2001
Same author

Emotion knowledge in economically disadvantaged children: self-regulatory antecedents and relations to social difficulties and withdrawal.

Development and psychopathology·2001
Same author

Contextual risk, caregiver emotionality, and the problem behaviors of six- and seven-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families.

Child development·2000
Same author

The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviors of 6- and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families.

Developmental psychology·1999
Same author

A longitudinal study of emotion expression and personality relations in early development.

Journal of personality and social psychology·1999

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Current emotion theory predominantly emphasizes cognitive processes like appraisal and attribution for eliciting emotions.
  • The evolutionary significance of emotions suggests multiple underlying mechanisms for their generation must exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an alternative model detailing four distinct emotion-activating systems.
  • To highlight the role of noncognitive information processing in emotion generation.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a theoretical model of emotion-activating systems.
  • Examined the systems from an evolutionary-developmental perspective.
  • Described a hierarchical arrangement of these systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Identified four types of emotion-activating systems, with three involving noncognitive processing.
  • Organized these systems hierarchically, from rapid neural systems to complex cognitive systems.
  • Acknowledged constraints such as genetically influenced individual differences.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hierarchical organization of emotion-generating systems provides an adaptive advantage.
  • Emotions are generated through a combination of cognitive and noncognitive pathways.
  • This multi-mechanism approach better reflects the evolutionary role of emotions.