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Related Experiment Videos

Percutaneous absorption of pentachlorophenol from soil

R C Wester1, H I Maibach, L Sedik

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) readily absorbs through skin from soil and acetone, indicating high bioavailability. This widely used pesticide has a long half-life, suggesting extended biological interaction after exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Dermal absorption studies
  • Pesticide risk assessment

Background:

  • Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used pesticide, primarily for wood preservation, and is a probable human carcinogen.
  • PCP is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and a common pesticide residue in the general population.
  • Concerns exist regarding PCP's dermal contact risks and its environmental persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the skin bioavailability of Pentachlorophenol (PCP) from soil and an acetone vehicle in vivo.
  • To determine the in vivo percutaneous absorption rate and biological half-life of PCP.
  • To compare in vivo absorption data with in vitro human cadaver skin absorption.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo percutaneous absorption studies were conducted using Rhesus monkeys exposed to radiolabeled PCP ([14C]PCP) in soil and acetone.

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  • Blood and urine samples were analyzed to determine PCP absorption and elimination kinetics.
  • In vitro percutaneous absorption experiments utilized human cadaver skin and plasma receptor fluid to assess absorption under controlled conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • In vivo, Rhesus monkeys absorbed 24.4% of applied PCP from soil and 29.2% from acetone over 24 hours, indicating significant dermal bioavailability.
    • The 14C half-life of PCP was approximately 4.5 days following both intravenous and dermal administration.
    • In vitro studies using human cadaver skin significantly underestimated in vivo absorption, with receptor fluid accumulation ranging from 0.01% to 1.5%.

    Conclusions:

    • Pentachlorophenol (PCP) exhibits high skin bioavailability and an extended biological interaction period due to its long half-life.
    • In vitro models using human cadaver skin do not accurately predict in vivo PCP dermal absorption.
    • These findings highlight potential risks associated with environmental and occupational exposure to PCP through skin contact.