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Related Experiment Videos

Assessing control by elements of complex stimuli in delayed matching to sample

R Stromer1, W J McIlvane, W V Dube

  • 1Behavioral Sciences Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated how individuals with mental retardation perform on matching tasks with simple versus complex visual stimuli. Results show lower accuracy with complex stimuli, indicating restricted stimulus control and potential issues with conditional learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Individuals with mental retardation often exhibit challenges in complex learning tasks.
  • Understanding stimulus control is crucial for developing effective educational and therapeutic interventions.
  • Previous research has explored stimulus generalization and attention in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine delayed identity matching-to-sample performance in individuals with mental retardation.
  • To investigate the impact of stimulus complexity (one vs. two forms) on discriminative control.
  • To identify potential mechanisms underlying performance deficits, such as restricted stimulus control.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted using a delayed identity matching-to-sample paradigm.

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  • Participants with mental retardation were presented with one or two simultaneously displayed forms as stimuli.
  • Reinforcement contingencies were manipulated to require discriminative control by one or two forms.

    • Main Results:

    • High accuracy was achieved when reinforcement contingencies required control by a single form.
    • Accuracy significantly decreased when contingencies required discriminative control by two forms.
    • Performance decline was associated with losses in conditional control and shifts in attention to comparison stimulus features.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with mental retardation may exhibit restricted stimulus control, particularly with complex stimuli.
    • The findings suggest deficits in conditional discrimination and potential attentional biases.
    • The study highlights the need for refined assessment techniques and interventions to broaden stimulus control.