Membrane traffic wardens and protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria
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Updated: Nov 7, 2026

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
Published on: July 4, 2016
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Abstract:
Recent progress in the genetic analysis of protein secretion in diverse Gram-negative bacteria has revealed three major, highly conserved but functionally independent pathways that involve accessory apparatus proteins. Protein secretion via the Type I pathway is signal sequence-independent with no free periplasmic intermediate. Secretion by the Type II pathway is signal sequence-dependent and via the periplasm. Recent results also suggest that a third (Type III) secretory pathway exists in which protein secretion is signal sequence-independent.
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