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Phonemic identification defect in aphasia

A Basso, G Casati, L A Vignolo

    Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Aphasic patients often struggle with phonemic identification, specifically distinguishing between /d/ and /t/ sounds based on voice-onset time (VOT). This phonemic identification defect (PID) is a key characteristic of aphasia, potentially linked to disordered speech output.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Linguistics
    • Speech-Language Pathology

    Background:

    • Phonemic identification is crucial for speech comprehension.
    • Unilateral brain damage can lead to various language deficits, including aphasia.
    • The acoustic boundary between phonemes like /d/ and /t/ is defined by voice-onset time (VOT).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate phonemic identification defects (PID) in patients with unilateral brain damage.
    • To determine if PID is specifically associated with aphasia.
    • To explore the relationship between PID and other dimensions of aphasia, such as fluency and comprehension.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered a phoneme identification test to 84 right-handed patients with unilateral hemispheric damage (aphasics, non-aphasic left brain-damaged, right brain-damaged) and 53 controls.

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  • The test assessed the ability to identify the acoustic boundary between /d/ and /t/ using voice-onset time (VOT).
  • Phonemic identification defect (PID) was defined relative to control group performance.

    • Main Results:

    • Phonemic identification defect (PID) was predominantly observed in aphasic patients.
    • Over 70% of aphasic patients exhibited abnormal or impossible identification of the VOT boundary between voiced and voiceless consonants.
    • PID was not significantly associated with speech fluency or comprehension levels.
    • Disordered phonemic output showed a potential relationship with PID.

    Conclusions:

    • Phonemic identification defect (PID) is a significant characteristic of aphasia.
    • The findings suggest PID is specifically linked to aphasia, rather than general brain damage.
    • Disordered phonemic output may be a key dimension of aphasia related to PID.