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Diarrhea in helminthic infections

R M Genta1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Five helminthic parasites, including Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma, are linked to human diarrhea. These parasites invade the intestinal lining, causing inflammation and gut dysfunction, unlike intraluminal worms.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enteric helminths are common human parasites with poorly understood gastrointestinal effects.
  • The specific helminths causing human diarrhea remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify helminthic parasites definitively associated with human diarrheal disease.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these parasites affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on helminthic infections and diarrheal disease.
  • Analysis of parasite life cycles and their interaction with the intestinal mucosa.

Main Results:

  • Five helminths are associated with diarrhea: Trichinella spiralis (early infection), Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, Capillaria philippinensis, and Schistosoma species.
  • Parasites causing diarrhea possess an invasive phase, interacting intimately with the intestinal mucosa.
  • This interaction triggers significant local inflammatory responses, leading to gut structural and functional changes.

Conclusions:

  • Parasitic invasion and subsequent inflammation are key factors in helminth-induced diarrhea.
  • Strictly intraluminal helminths do not appear to cause diarrhea due to insufficient host interaction.

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