Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents
10:53

Isolation of Human Atrial Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and Membrane Currents

Published on: July 3, 2013

Regional differences of atrial natriuretic factors in humans

I Os1, E Thaulow, A Westheim

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ullevål Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.

Clinical Physiology (Oxford, England)
|March 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is significantly higher in the coronary sinus than peripheral blood, indicating cardiac release. ANF is cleared by the kidneys, liver, and forearm, suggesting arterial sampling for ANF measurement.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis.
  • Understanding ANF's release and clearance is vital for interpreting its physiological significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concentration gradients of ANF between the coronary sinus and peripheral circulation.
  • To quantify the extraction of ANF by major organs and peripheral tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Cardiac catheterization was performed in humans undergoing diagnostic procedures.
  • Blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus, peripheral arteries, and peripheral veins.
  • ANF levels were measured in collected samples.
  • ANF extraction across the kidneys, liver, and forearm was calculated.

Main Results:

  • ANF levels in the coronary sinus were approximately four times higher than in peripheral arterial blood.
  • Significant ANF extraction was observed in the kidneys (57%), liver (40%), and forearm (28%).
  • A close correlation was found between arterial and peripheral venous ANF concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The coronary sinus demonstrates a higher concentration of ANF, suggesting cardiac production and release.
  • The kidneys, liver, and forearm actively clear ANF from circulation.
  • Arterial blood sampling may be preferable for ANF assessment, especially when peripheral vascular resistance is altered, due to potential peripheral uptake.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome-related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction08:31

Isolation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome-related Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: July 26, 2018

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice08:34

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...