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Qualitative content analysis: a guide to paths not taken

D L Morgan

    Qualitative Health Research
    |February 1, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary

    Qualitative content analysis is distinctively qualitative, despite debates about its quantitative or qualitative nature. Researchers should strategically decide when to use this method for textual data analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Sciences
    • Textual Analysis
    • Research Methodology

    Background:

    • Qualitative content analysis (QCA) faces ongoing controversy regarding its methodological rigor.
    • Historically, QCA has been criticized for not being sufficiently quantitative and, more recently, for not being sufficiently qualitative.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the controversy surrounding qualitative content analysis.
    • To assert the distinctively qualitative nature of QCA in coding and interpretation.
    • To guide researchers in making informed decisions about the appropriate use of QCA.

    Main Methods:

    • The study critically examines the coding process in qualitative content analysis.
    • It analyzes the interpretation of data derived from code counts.
    • The approach involves a theoretical discussion of QCA's position within content analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Qualitative content analysis is fundamentally qualitative in its coding approach.
    • The interpretation of counts derived from codes retains a qualitative character.
    • QCA is a valid and distinct approach to analyzing textual data.

    Conclusions:

    • Qualitative content analysis is a robust qualitative methodology.
    • Researchers should focus on when to apply QCA rather than debating its nature.
    • Informed decisions on using QCA enhance the analysis of qualitative data.

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