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Auditory brainstem responses in autism: brainstem dysfunction or peripheral hearing loss?

A Klin1

  • 1Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Auditory brainstem response (ABR) studies in autism show mixed results regarding brainstem pathway integrity. However, these studies frequently reveal peripheral hearing impairments in autistic individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Electrophysiological techniques like auditory brainstem response (ABR) have been used since the late 1960s for audiologic and neurologic assessments.
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has explored auditory processing due to observed communication differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize findings from auditory brainstem response (ABR) studies in autism.
  • To evaluate the evidence for auditory brainstem pathway involvement in autism.
  • To investigate the prevalence of peripheral hearing impairment in autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of at least 11 auditory brainstem response (ABR) studies conducted in individuals with autism.
  • Consideration of sample size and methodological factors in interpreting ABR data.

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Main Results:

  • Contradictory findings exist regarding central transmission latencies in ABR studies for autism, including prolongation, shortening, or normal results.
  • When accounting for methodological variables, ABR data offers only suggestive, not definitive, evidence of brainstem dysfunction in autism.
  • A significant proportion of autistic individuals in these studies exhibited peripheral hearing impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Current auditory brainstem response (ABR) data is inconclusive regarding brainstem involvement in autism.
  • Peripheral hearing impairment is a notable finding in autistic populations, warranting clinical attention.
  • Further research is needed to clarify auditory pathway integrity and implications for clinical practice in autism.