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[Anti-inflammatory agents in acute tissue trauma. Choice and effects]
1Avdeling for maxillofacial kirurgi, Ullevål sykehus, Oslo.
Summary
Paracetamol and glucocorticoids effectively reduce post-operative pain and swelling. Acetylsalicylic acid may worsen swelling, while other NSAIDs offer less benefit for acute post-surgical inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Pain management
- Inflammation control
- Traumatology
Background:
- Post-surgical and accidental trauma often involve significant pain and inflammation.
- Effective pharmacological interventions are crucial for patient recovery and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss drug choices for managing post-operative pain and inflammation.
- To evaluate the efficacy of paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, NSAIDs, and glucocorticoids in reducing swelling and pain.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Norwegian studies focusing on bilateral oral surgery.
- Comparison of the effects of paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and glucocorticoids on post-operative swelling and pain.
Main Results:
- Paracetamol reduced swelling by approximately 30%; acetylsalicylic acid showed no benefit and potentially increased swelling.
- Glucocorticoids reduced swelling by about 50% and provided comparable or superior pain relief to NSAIDs.
- Both paracetamol and glucocorticoids showed similar efficacy whether administered pre- or post-operatively.
Conclusions:
- Paracetamol is recommended for acute post-traumatic pain and swelling, while acetylsalicylic acid should be avoided.
- Short-term glucocorticoid administration is a valuable method for reducing pain and inflammation in surgery and traumatology.
- Timing of administration (pre- or post-operative) has minimal impact on the efficacy of paracetamol and glucocorticoids.