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Visual lung-sound characterization by time-expanded wave-form analysis

R L Murphy, S K Holford, W C Knowler

    The New England Journal of Medicine
    |April 28, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Objective characterization of lung sounds is possible using time-expanded waveform analysis. This method visually distinguishes normal from abnormal lung sounds, improving diagnostic accuracy.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonology
    • Medical Acoustics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Objective characterization of lung sounds is challenging.
    • Standard classification relies on subjective interpretation of auscultatory phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To objectively differentiate normal and adventitious lung sounds using time-amplitude plots.
    • To establish a visual method for analyzing lung sound characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of tape recordings of lung sounds using time-amplitude plots.
    • Comparison of plots at conventional (≤100 mm/s) and expanded (800 mm/s) time scales.
    • Measurement of deflection durations for discontinuous (rales, crackles) and continuous (rhonchi, wheezes) sounds.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Differentiation of normal and adventitious lung sounds was difficult at ≤100 mm/s.
    • Time expansion to 800 mm/s enabled clear visual distinction.
    • Discontinuous sounds typically showed deflections <10 msec.
    • Continuous sounds typically showed deflections >250 msec.

    Conclusions:

    • Time-expanded waveform analysis provides reproducible visual displays of lung sound features.
    • This objective method enhances the diagnostic utility of lung sound auscultation.
    • Objective analysis aids in differentiating various types of lung sounds.