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Shigellosis due to occupational contact with non-human primates
F M Kennedy1, J Astbury, J R Needham
1Health and Safety Executive, Belford House, Edinburgh.
Abstract:
A small cluster of dysenteric illness, due to Shigella flexneri, was identified among technical assistants of a primate research unit. All of the affected individuals had been in regular contact with a colony of cynomolgus macaque monkeys, one of which was known to have suffered from acute haemorrhagic colitis in the preceding few weeks. Four monkeys were found to be excreting S. flexneri bacilli of identical antigen type (1b) to that isolated from the human cases. Investigation of working practices revealed the potential for inadvertent faeco-oral spread and the need to improve existing control methods. We conclude that this small outbreak of shigellosis represents a primate-associated occupational zoonosis. The risk may not be fully appreciated by handlers or their doctors.
Insights
A Shigella flexneri outbreak occurred in primate research staff, linked to infected cynomolgus macaques. This highlights occupational zoonotic risks and the need for improved safety protocols in primate handling.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Health
Background:
- A cluster of dysenteric illness was identified among technical assistants at a primate research unit.
- Affected staff had contact with cynomolgus macaque monkeys, one with a history of hemorrhagic colitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause of a Shigella flexneri outbreak in primate research staff.
- To identify the source of infection and assess transmission routes.
- To evaluate existing control measures for zoonotic diseases in primate facilities.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological investigation of human cases.
- Microbiological analysis of fecal samples from humans and monkeys.
- Assessment of working practices and potential exposure routes.
Main Results:
- Shigella flexneri, serotype 1b, was isolated from affected staff and four monkeys.
- The identified S. flexneri strain was identical in both human and simian populations.
- Working practices indicated potential for fecal-oral transmission.
Conclusions:
- The outbreak represents a primate-associated occupational zoonosis.
- There is a need to enhance control measures to prevent zoonotic disease transmission in primate research settings.
- The occupational health risks associated with primate handling may be underestimated by staff and medical professionals.