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Dissecting the Non-human Primate Brain in Stereotaxic Space

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Published on: July 17, 2009

Brain structures and life-span in primate species

J M Allman¹, T McLaughlin, A Hakeem

¹Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|April 15, 1993

Summary

Brain structure volumes correlate with primate lifespan, especially the cerebellum. Specific brain regions, excluding the medulla, show significant links to longevity and reproductive age in haplorhines.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Comparative Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Body weight influences brain size in primates.
Previous studies show a link between total brain weight and maximum lifespan in haplorhines.
The relationship between specific brain structure volumes and lifespan requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the correlation between specific brain structure volumes and maximum recorded lifespan in primates, controlling for body weight.
To compare brain structure correlates of lifespan with those of female reproductive age.
To identify brain structures with conserved correlations across primate suborders (haplorhine and strepsirhine).

Main Methods:

Statistical analysis of brain structure volumes and maximum lifespan in haplorhine and strepsirhine primates.
Controlling for the effect of body weight in all analyses.
Comparing correlations for lifespan and female reproductive age.

Main Results:

In haplorhines, many brain structure volumes positively correlate with lifespan after controlling for body weight, with the cerebellum showing the strongest correlation.
The medulla and most first-order sensory structures do not correlate with lifespan.
Similar brain structures correlate with female reproductive age, with some exceptions like the hippocampus.
In strepsirhines, total brain weight does not correlate with lifespan or reproductive age, but some specific structures do.
The centromedial complex of the amygdala is the only structure correlating with lifespan in both haplorhines and strepsirhines.

Conclusions:

Specific brain structures, particularly the cerebellum, are key correlates of lifespan in haplorhine primates.
Brain structure volume is a significant predictor of lifespan and reproductive age, with some species-specific variations.
The centromedial amygdala's role in blood pressure and stress response may underlie its conserved association with lifespan across primate groups.