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IgG subclass deficiency in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

B Ostermeyer-Shoaib1, B M Patten

  • 1Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, revealing a potential defect in T-cell dependent IgG expression, suggesting immune dysregulation in ALS.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.
  • The role of T-cell dependent versus T-cell independent immune mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass levels in ALS patients.
  • To explore potential immune system dysregulation in ALS.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) in 25 ALS patients.
  • Assessment of T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antibody expression.
  • D-xylose breath test and duodenal aspirate cultures to assess for small bowel overgrowth.

Main Results:

  • 16 out of 25 ALS patients showed deficiency in T-cell dependent IgG1 or IgG3, with normal T-cell independent IgG2 and IgG4.

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  • Five untreated patients had normal total IgG despite IgG subclass deficiency.
  • Six patients with prior immunosuppressive treatment had deficient total IgG.
  • Eight of 14 patients tested had evidence of small bowel overgrowth.

    • Conclusions:

    • Findings suggest a defect in IgG subclass expression in ALS patients.
    • This defect may indicate impaired T-cell dependent immune responses in ALS.
    • Small bowel overgrowth was observed in a significant portion of ALS patients, warranting further investigation.