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Hepatitis A epidemics from utility sewage in Ocoee, Florida
W T Vonstille1, W T Stille, R C Sharer
1Institute of Environmental Health and Toxicology, College of Health University of Central Florida, Orlando.
Archives of Environmental Health
|March 1, 1993
Summary
A 1988-1989 hepatitis A epidemic in Ocoee, Florida, linked to sewage overflows, caused 39 illnesses and a fetal death. Long-term health issues and lost life were documented, highlighting risks from contaminated water.
Area of Science:
- Environmental epidemiology
- Public health
- Infectious disease outbreaks
Background:
- A significant hepatitis A outbreak occurred in Ocoee, Florida, between 1988 and 1989.
- The epidemic was associated with sewage overflows and contaminated stormwater.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the cause and impact of the hepatitis A epidemic.
- To analyze the relationship between sewage contamination and public health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological investigation of 39 hepatitis A cases.
- Analysis of public records for rainfall and sewage flow data.
- Assessment of long-term health consequences using CEA-Clinical Epidemiological AnalysisSM.
Main Results:
- 18 index cases reported contact with sewage-contaminated stormwater.
- Illnesses ranged from mild to severe, with 20 individuals experiencing prolonged symptoms for up to 2 years.
- Significant long-term health injuries, including up to 20 years of lost life, were identified.
Conclusions:
- Sewage overflows and stormwater contamination were primary drivers of the hepatitis A epidemic.
- The outbreak resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality.
- Public utility infrastructure failures pose significant public health risks.