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Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules

M P Bevilacqua1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0669.

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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The endothelium, once viewed as a simple lining, is now recognized as a key player in inflammation and immunity. Molecular discoveries reveal how endothelial glycoproteins mediate leukocyte adhesion and extravasation during infection and injury.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • The vascular endothelium was historically considered a passive barrier, primarily involved in preventing coagulation.
  • Recent research has revealed the endothelium as a dynamic interface actively participating in inflammatory and immune responses.
  • Understanding endothelial cell function is crucial for comprehending leukocyte trafficking in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium.
  • To identify and characterize endothelial cell-surface molecules involved in immune cell interactions.
  • To elucidate the role of specific glycoproteins in leukocyte extravasation.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of endothelial cell-surface glycoproteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cloning of genes encoding these adhesion molecules.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions between endothelial ligands and leukocyte counter-receptors.

    • Main Results:

    • Discovery of multiple endothelial glycoproteins mediating leukocyte adhesion.
    • Characterization of selectins (endothelial and leukocyte) involved in carbohydrate recognition.
    • Identification of immunoglobulin superfamily members (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) binding to leukocyte integrins.

    Conclusions:

    • The endothelium actively regulates leukocyte adhesion and extravasation through specific molecular interactions.
    • These interactions are critical for immune surveillance, response to infection, and tissue repair.
    • The identified molecules represent key targets for modulating inflammatory and immune processes.