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Follicle epithelial M cells are a source of interleukin-1 in Peyer's patches

J Pappo1, R T Mahlman

  • 1Cell Biology and Aging Section, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

Immunology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed

Insights

Rabbit Peyer's patch M cells produce interleukin-1 (IL-1) when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This IL-1 secretion by M cells supports T-cell proliferation within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) microenvironment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peyer's patches are key sites for immune surveillance in the gut.
  • M cells within the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) play a crucial role in antigen sampling and immune initiation.
  • The specific immune mediators produced by M cells and their role in T-cell activation require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by rabbit M cells.
  • To determine the functional significance of M cell-derived IL-1 in T-cell proliferation.
  • To elucidate the role of M cells in initiating immune responses within the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and purification of 5D9+ phagocytic M cells from rabbit Peyer's patches.
  • In vitro stimulation of M cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Assessment of IL-1 production by measuring T-cell proliferation (D10.G4.1 line) using culture supernatants and fixed cells.
  • Neutralization assays using anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-IL-1 beta antibodies.

Main Results:

  • LPS-stimulated M cells secreted biologically active IL-1, as confirmed by their ability to induce T-cell proliferation.
  • Supernatants from activated M cells were more effective in promoting T-cell proliferation than fixed M cells.
  • T-cell proliferation was dose-dependent on LPS and M cell concentration.
  • Neutralization with anti-IL-1 alpha significantly inhibited M cell-mediated T-cell proliferation (>75%), while anti-IL-1 beta had a lesser effect (<50%).

Conclusions:

  • Rabbit M cells actively secrete IL-1 following LPS stimulation.
  • M cells contribute to the localized co-stimulatory signals necessary for T-cell and B-cell proliferation in the GALT.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of M cells in initiating adaptive immune responses in the gut.

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