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Related Experiment Videos

The mere exposure effect for stimuli presented below recognition threshold: a failure to replicate

S E Fox1, D J Burns

  • 1Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

The mere exposure effect, where repeated stimulus exposure increases liking, was tested with meaningful stimuli below recognition threshold. Findings suggest meaningfulness does not influence this effect, and previous results for unrecognized stimuli were not replicated, questioning its robustness.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • The mere exposure effect demonstrates that repeated exposure to a stimulus enhances affect towards it.
  • This phenomenon has been observed even with exposure durations below the threshold of recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the mere exposure effect extends to meaningful stimuli presented below the threshold of recognition.
  • To re-evaluate the robustness of the mere exposure effect for stimuli processed non-consciously.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using stimuli presented below the threshold of recognition.
  • Participants rated their affect towards stimuli after repeated exposures.
  • Stimuli varied in meaningfulness to assess its impact.

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Main Results:

  • Stimulus meaningfulness did not significantly affect affect ratings.
  • Previous findings of a mere exposure effect for unrecognized stimuli were not replicated in these experiments.
  • The study questioned the consistent occurrence of the mere exposure effect for subliminally presented stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The mere exposure effect may not be as robust for stimuli presented below the threshold of awareness as previously suggested.
  • Stimulus meaningfulness does not appear to moderate the mere exposure effect under subliminal conditions.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the boundary conditions of the mere exposure effect.