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The self-efficacy-performance link in maximum strength performance

C M Wells1, D Collins, B D Hale

  • 1Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
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Manipulating self-efficacy beliefs directly impacts strength performance in the bench press exercise. However, general physical self-efficacy (PSE) levels remained unchanged, suggesting self-efficacy is situation-specific.

Area of Science:

  • Sport and Exercise Psychology
  • Motor Learning and Performance

Background:

  • Self-efficacy, a core concept in social cognitive theory, influences individuals' beliefs in their capabilities to achieve specific goals.
  • Understanding the situation-specific nature of self-efficacy is crucial for optimizing performance in various domains, including physical activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between manipulated self-efficacy and subsequent strength performance on the bench press.
  • To determine if situation-specific self-efficacy changes influence broader physical self-efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four untrained undergraduates were randomly assigned to 'light', 'heavy', or control groups, manipulating their perceived effort for a bench press task.
  • Self-efficacy and physical self-efficacy (using the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale - PSE) were measured pre- and post-manipulation.

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Main Results:

  • The 'light' group demonstrated significantly greater increases in lifted weight compared to other groups.
  • 'Heavy' group participants showed a significant decrease in self-efficacy post-manipulation.
  • Initial self-efficacy predicted baseline performance, while manipulated self-efficacy predicted performance changes; PSE scores remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Self-efficacy is a situation-specific construct that can be experimentally manipulated.
  • Manipulated self-efficacy influences immediate performance changes, linking past experiences with future outcomes.
  • General physical self-efficacy is distinct from situation-specific self-efficacy and is not readily altered by short-term performance manipulations.