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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
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Published on: October 22, 2014

The association between habitual physical activity and sitting-induced endothelial dysfunction.

Francisco Javier Soto-Rodríguez1, Carolina Bobadilla-Agouborde2,3, Lucimere Bohn4,5

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|July 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged sitting impairs vascular health by reducing endothelial function. Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can help protect against these negative effects, highlighting its importance for cardiovascular health.

Keywords:
Exercisecardiovascular diseaseflow mediation dilatationsitting time

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Published on: October 22, 2014

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06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Prolonged sitting is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism linking sedentary behavior to poor vascular health.
  • The protective role of habitual physical activity against sitting-induced endothelial impairment is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between endothelial dysfunction caused by prolonged sitting and habitual physical activity levels in healthy adults.
  • To determine if higher levels of physical activity can mitigate the negative vascular effects of uninterrupted sitting.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental pre-post study design was employed.
  • Fifteen healthy adults underwent 3 hours of uninterrupted sitting.
  • Measurements included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the superficial femoral artery and calf circumference (CC) before and after the sitting period.
  • Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Main Results:

  • Three hours of sitting significantly reduced endothelial function (decreased FMD) and increased lower-limb fluid accumulation (increased CC).
  • A significant inverse correlation was observed between total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the change in FMD.
  • Baseline MVPA levels significantly moderated the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting on endothelial function.

Conclusions:

  • Acute prolonged sitting impairs endothelial function and causes fluid accumulation in the lower limbs.
  • Habitual engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may attenuate the adverse vascular consequences of prolonged sitting.
  • Maintaining regular physical activity is crucial for preserving vascular health in the context of sedentary lifestyles.