Cereal grain digestion by selected strains of ruminal fungi

The ruminal fungi Orpinomyces joyonii strain 19-2, Neocallimastix patriciarum strain 27, and Piromyces communis strain 22 were examined for their ability to digest cereal starch. All strains digested corn starch more readily than barley or wheat starch. Orpinomyces joyonii 19-2 exhibited the greatest propensity to digest starch in wheat and barley, whereas the digestion of these starches by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22 was limited. Media ammonia concentrations were lower when fungal growth was evident, suggesting that all strains assimilate ammonia. Fungi formed extensive rhizoidal systems on the endosperm of corn, but O. joyonii 19-2 was the only strain to form such systems on the endosperm of wheat and barley. All strains penetrated the protein matrix of corn but did not penetrate starch granules. Starch granules from all three cereals were pitted, evidence of extensive digestion by extracellular amylases produced by O. joyonii 19-2. Similar pitting was observed on the surface of corn starch granules digested by N. patriciarum 27 and P. communis 22, but not on wheat and barley starch granules. The ability of ruminal fungi to digest cereal grains depends on both the strain of fungus and the type of grain. The extent to which fungi digest cereal grain in the rumen remains to be determined.