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Mucormycosis in the BMT population

V A Morrison1, P B McGlave

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis.

Bone Marrow Transplantation
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection that can affect bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. This study found a high mortality rate, but early diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal mucormycosis may improve outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mucormycosis is a rare but severe fungal infection.
  • It commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with diabetes, leukemia, and lymphoma.
  • Data on mucormycosis in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and outcomes of mucormycosis in BMT patients.
  • To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators for mucormycosis in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1500 BMT patients over 17 years.
  • Identification of 13 patients diagnosed with mucormycosis.
  • Review of clinical data, infection sites, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Mucormycosis occurred in 0.9% of BMT patients.
  • Infections presented in various sites, including lung-brain and sinonasal region.
  • The mortality rate was high at 77% (10 of 13 patients).
  • Survival was associated with limited sinonasal disease and aggressive treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Mucormycosis is a potentially fatal complication in BMT patients, occurring in both neutropenic and non-neutropenic individuals.
  • Infections can manifest long after hospital discharge.
  • Early diagnosis and aggressive antifungal therapy, potentially including surgical debridement for sinonasal cases, may improve survival.

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