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Related Experiment Videos

Acute methanol toxicity in minipigs

D C Dorman1, J A Dye, M P Nassise

  • 1Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|April 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Female minipigs showed mild signs of methanol intoxication but did not develop severe neuro-ocular toxicity. These findings suggest minipigs may not be a suitable animal model for studying methanol poisoning.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Animal Models
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Pigs possess lower liver tetrahydrofolate levels and slower formate metabolism, suggesting potential as a methanol toxicosis model.
  • Methanol toxicity in humans can cause severe neuro-ocular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of female minipigs as an animal model for methanol-induced neuro-ocular toxicosis.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve 4-month-old female minipigs received single oral doses of methanol (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/kg) or water.
  • Plasma methanol and formate concentrations, elimination half-lives, and clinical signs were monitored.
  • Histopathological examination of optic nerves was performed.

Main Results:

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  • Dose-dependent CNS depression, tremors, ataxia, and recumbency were observed, resolving within 52 hours.
  • Peak plasma methanol concentrations ranged from 3100 to 15,200 µg/mL, with elimination half-lives between 9.0 and 22.4 hours.
  • Transient increases in plasma formate were noted, but no optic nerve lesions, significant acidosis, or toxic formate accumulation occurred.

    • Conclusions:

    • Female minipigs exhibit transient, mild signs of methanol intoxication but do not develop the characteristic neuro-ocular lesions or metabolic disturbances seen in human methanol toxicosis.
    • Based on these results, minipigs may not be an appropriate animal model for acute methanol-induced neuro-ocular toxicosis.