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Models of crossed categorization and intergroup relations

M Hewstone1, M R Islam, C M Judd

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, England.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Crossed categorization models explain how religion and nationality interact. Majority religious groups show out-group homogeneity, impacting intergroup relations and self-esteem.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding how multiple social categories (e.g., religion, nationality) influence intergroup perception is crucial.
  • Previous models of crossed categorization have varying predictive power in different social contexts.
  • The interplay of majority/minority status and category dominance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and test six models of crossed categorization.
  • To examine the effects of crossing religion and nationality on perceived group variability and homogeneity.
  • To investigate the relationship between religious discrimination, self-esteem, and categorization models.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted in Bangladesh, involving participants evaluating target groups based on crossed religion (Hindu/Muslim) and nationality (Bangladeshi/Indian) categories.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 1 measured perceived variability of crossed categories.
  • Experiment 2 extended Experiment 1 with additional measures, including discrimination and self-esteem.

    • Main Results:

    • Both studies found additive effects of religion and nationality, supporting three specific models.
    • A strong effect of category dominance for religion was observed.
    • Out-group homogeneity emerged only when the religious in-group was both dominant and the majority.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings highlight the context-dependent nature of crossed categorization models.
    • Category dominance and majority/minority status significantly moderate out-group homogeneity effects.
    • Religious discrimination is linked to self-esteem, with partial support for hierarchical models.