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What is an expert?

B D Weinstein1

  • 1Center for Health Ethics and Law, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506.

Theoretical Medicine
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experts are vital, but their nature is understudied. This research distinguishes between epistemic experts (knowledge-based) and performative experts (skill-based), highlighting their distinct capacities and potential for disagreement.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Social Epistemology

Background:

  • The societal importance of experts is recognized.
  • However, the fundamental nature of expertise remains underexplored in academic literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and define the nature of expertise.
  • To differentiate between distinct types of experts based on their core competencies.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the term 'expertise'.
  • Distinction between knowledge-based and skill-based competencies.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary categories of expertise: epistemic and performative.
  • Epistemic expertise is defined by the ability to justify propositions within a domain.

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  • Performative expertise is defined by the skillful execution of a practice according to its norms.

    • Conclusions:

    • The two identified types of expertise, epistemic and performative, are conceptually and logically distinct.
    • Both types of experts can hold legitimate disagreements.
    • Understanding these distinctions is crucial for evaluating expert contributions in society.