Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C viral hepatitis

The detection of HBV, HCV, and HDV genomes through the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possible a new step in viral diagnosis. The main advantages of PCR are its extreme sensitivity and the possibility to develop rapid assays using non-radioactive probes. Several studies have now clearly shown its usefulness for the demonstration of viremias, the identification of seronegative viral carriers, and studies on mother-to-child transmission. Several limitations, however, still hamper the use of PCR and it should not yet be regarded as a routine test. The main developments to be expected in the near future deal with automatisation, prevention of contamination, and quantification.