[Lung transplantation. Contraindications and new indications]

The authors review the recent changes observed in the indications for lung transplantation. Several classical contra-indications have been alleviated or even cancelled. Chronic infection presenting as cystic fibrosis has become one of the first indications for lung replacement. Respirator-dependent patients are at an operative risk comparable to the overall results. Long-term corticosteroid therapy and pleural adhesions are no longer formal contraindications but should be approached with extreme caution. In recent years, single lung transplantation has been extended to diseases, such as emphysema and pulmonary hypertension, which were formerly indications for double-lung or heart-lung transplantation. The reasons for this include donor shortage and the better 1-year survival following single lung transplantation. The most recent development is paediatric lung transplantation. The legitimacy of redo transplantation is controversial.