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Related Experiment Videos

Hand position affects elbow joint load during push-up exercise

M J Donkers1, K N An, E Y Chao

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.

Journal of Biomechanics
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Hand position significantly impacts elbow joint loading during push-ups. Optimal hand placement can reduce forces and torques, potentially aiding in rehabilitation and injury prevention for the elbow and forearm.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The push-up is a common exercise that places significant loads on the elbow joint.
  • Understanding the biomechanics of the elbow during push-ups is crucial for injury prevention and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intersegmental loading patterns on the elbow joint during push-ups.
  • To examine the influence of different hand positions on these elbow joint loads.

Main Methods:

  • Electromagnetic motion sensors and a piezoelectric force plate were used to record upper-extremity motion and forces.
  • Nine healthy male subjects performed push-ups in six different hand positions.
  • Analysis focused on forces and torques acting on the elbow joint, including axial forces, flexion/extension torques, pronation/supination torques, and valgus torques.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Peak elbow joint forces averaged 45% of body weight in the 'normal' hand position, decreasing with 'apart' or 'superior' hand placements.
  • Peak elbow flexion torque was highest in the 'normal' position (56% of maximal isometric extensor torque), differing significantly with hands 'apart' (29%) and 'together' (71%).
  • Maximum valgus torque at the elbow increased significantly with superior hand positioning and by 42% in a simulated one-handed fall condition.

Conclusions:

  • Hand position is a critical factor influencing elbow joint loading during push-ups.
  • Specific hand placements can reduce peak forces and torques, offering insights for designing effective rehabilitation programs.
  • The findings may help elucidate mechanisms of forearm injury, particularly during falls.