Intraarticular fractures of the foot. Talus and lesser tarsals

In the absence of historical comparative data for the treatment of tarsal fractures, commonly abided maxims of trauma care are noteworthy. A displaced fracture involving an articular surface or a fracture interrupting a mechanical axis is treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Rigid fixation is followed as early as possible with active and passive mobilization. Unlike long bones, whose motion and fracture patterns (i.e., segmental, transverse, and oblique) are understood, the tarsal bones are small bones with complex shapes and restricted motion. As a result, tarsal injuries most often occur with multiple ligamentous and bony injuries. Articular step-off is difficult to establish roentgenographically, the blood supply is tenuous, and fixation is largely dependent on screws and Kirschner wires. Good outcome can be obtained by following principles of internal fixation established in treatment of major joint injuries.