The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in obesity

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neuroendocrinology
• Metabolic research

Background:

• The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol secretion, exhibiting diurnal variation.
• Abnormal cortisol levels (excess or deficiency) are linked to various pathologies.
• Obesity is associated with alterations in HPA axis function, potentially influenced by age, sex, and race.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of obesity on the functioning of the HPA axis.
• To explore the relationship between altered HPA axis activity and the long-term complications of obesity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating HPA axis function in obesity.
• Analysis of existing research on age, sex, and racial variations in HPA axis activity related to obesity.
• Consideration of the link between HPA axis dysregulation and obesity-related comorbidities.

Main Results:

• Obesity is associated with alterations in the normal diurnal rhythm and overall activity of the HPA axis.
• These HPA axis changes may vary based on demographic factors such as age, sex, and race.
• Evidence suggests a potential connection between altered HPA axis function and the development of chronic health issues in obese individuals.

Conclusions:

• The HPA axis plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of obesity.
• Understanding HPA axis alterations in obesity is crucial for addressing its long-term health consequences.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between the HPA axis, obesity, and associated comorbidities.