Conidial surface ultrastructure of human-pathogenic and saprobic Cladosporium species

Freeze-fracturing of outer wall layers of Cladosporium conidia revealed two types of ultrastructure, coinciding with taxonomic characteristics. The outer conidial layers were essentially smooth in the human pathogenic species, C. bantianum, C. carrionii, and C. trichoides. In contrast, mosaic arrays of rodlets on conidia were observed with freeze-fracturing in the saprobic species, C. cladosporioides, C. coralloides, C. herbarum, C. sphaerospermum, and C. variabile. Conidia of C. elatum were an exception among the saprobic species as they had smooth surfaces. The present study supports the suggestion that the human pathogenic Cladosporium species should be transferred to another genus.