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Drug-induced thyroid disorders

N J Gittoes1, J A Franklyn

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, England.

Drug Safety
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Certain medications can disrupt thyroid function tests and, rarely, cause thyroid disease. Lithium therapy frequently leads to hypothyroidism and goiter, necessitating regular thyroid function monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drugs can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, metabolism, and thyrotrophin secretion.
  • Clinically apparent thyroid disease from drug interference is rare, but notable exceptions exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of specific drugs on thyroid function tests and clinical thyroid health.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring thyroid function during certain drug therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of drug interactions affecting thyroid function.
  • Analysis of clinical outcomes associated with lithium and iodine-containing drugs.

Main Results:

  • Lithium therapy induces overt hypothyroidism in 5-15% of patients and goiter in up to 37%.

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  • Iodine and iodine-containing drugs (e.g., contrast media, amiodarone) cause significant, variable thyroid function alterations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Regular thyroid function testing is crucial before and during lithium therapy (every 6 months).
    • Clinicians must consider drug-induced thyroid dysfunction when interpreting test results and managing patients.