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The Pinwheel Model of Bereavement
P A Solari-Twadell1, S S Bunkers, C E Wang
1Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
|January 1, 1995
Summary
The Pinwheel Model of Bereavement offers a unique perspective on grief, viewing loss as a personal journey. It integrates nursing theory to support individuals experiencing loss.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Psychology
- Grief Studies
Background:
- Grief is a complex, individual experience.
- Existing models may not fully capture the nuances of loss.
- Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness provides a framework for understanding lived experience.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and describe the Pinwheel Model of Bereavement.
- To integrate the model with Newman's nursing theory.
- To identify nursing responses and capacities for supporting the bereaved.
Main Methods:
- Development of the Pinwheel Model based on Carter's research (1989) and clinical experience.
- Integration of core themes (being stopped, hurting, missing, holding, seeking, valuing) and meta-themes (change, expectations, inexpressibility).
- Application of "personal history" as the contextual theme.
Main Results:
- The Pinwheel Model conceptualizes grief as a process-oriented, unique lived experience.
- Six core themes and three meta-themes define the grief process within the model.
- The model highlights the importance of "being with" the bereaved.
Conclusions:
- The Pinwheel Model offers a novel framework for understanding and responding to bereavement.
- Integrating the model with Newman's theory enhances nursing practice in grief care.
- The model emphasizes the personal and contextual nature of loss.