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Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers

S M Gillette1, E L Gillette

  • 1Department of Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft Collins 80523, USA.

Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animal)
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy can effectively treat head and neck cancers, including oral tumors in cats and dogs. Aggressive treatment protocols, sometimes combined with surgery, are crucial for optimal tumor control and improved patient survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Head and Neck Cancer

Background:

  • Radiation therapy is a key treatment for large or disfiguring head and neck tumors.
  • Oral squamous cell carcinomas show good local control rates with radiation, but advanced cases require aggressive protocols.
  • Metastatic disease remains a challenge, necessitating systemic therapies for improved survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of radiation therapy for various head and neck tumors in animals.
  • To discuss aggressive treatment strategies for improved local tumor control.
  • To highlight the need for multimodal approaches, including surgery and systemic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previous studies on radiation therapy for oral and nasal tumors in companion animals.
  • Discussion of dose fractionation and radiation field reduction techniques.
  • Consideration of combined treatment modalities like surgery and radiation.

Main Results:

  • Oral squamous cell carcinomas can achieve ~80% local control with appropriate radiation doses (≥56 Gy).
  • Canine oral fibrosarcomas may require high doses (e.g., 56 Gy in 3.3 Gy fractions) for 50% local control, often improved with surgery.
  • Malignant melanomas show local control with hypofractionated radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Aggressive radiation therapy, potentially with reduced fractions and tailored fields, is vital for head and neck tumors.
  • Combination of surgery and radiation therapy significantly enhances tumor control probability.
  • Advanced imaging and treatment planning can improve outcomes for challenging nasal cavity tumors.

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