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Related Experiment Videos

Naltrexone, smoking behaviour and cigarette withdrawal

G Sutherland1, J A Stapleton, M A Russell

  • 1Institute of Psychiatry, Health Behaviour Unit, London, UK.

Psychopharmacology
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, did not affect nicotine intake or smoking behavior in heavy smokers. This suggests endogenous opioids are not involved in nicotine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nicotine addiction is a significant public health concern.
  • The role of endogenous opioid systems in nicotine's reinforcing effects is not fully understood.
  • Understanding these mechanisms could lead to more effective smoking cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of endogenous opioids in the reinforcing effects of nicotine.
  • To examine the impact of the opiate antagonist naltrexone on smoking behavior and nicotine withdrawal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
  • 12 heavy smokers participated.
  • Naltrexone (50 mg and 100 mg) was administered to assess effects on smoking behavior, nicotine intake, withdrawal symptoms, and subjective satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • Naltrexone (50 mg) slightly reduced perceived difficulty of abstaining but did not affect other withdrawal symptoms or nicotine intake.
  • Naltrexone did not alter smoking behavior, nicotine intake, or satisfaction during ad libitum smoking.
  • Naltrexone induced mood changes similar to tobacco withdrawal, independent of nicotine intake.

Conclusions:

  • Findings do not support the hypothesis that endogenous opioids mediate the reinforcing properties of nicotine.
  • Opioid-nicotinic interactions do not appear to be the primary mechanism for nicotine reinforcement under normal conditions.
  • Further research may be needed to explore other neurobiological pathways involved in nicotine addiction.

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