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Effect of sulfamethazine on mixed function oxidase in chickens
1Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.
Abstract:
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) ip administration for 3 d to chickens showed significant induction of cytochrome P-450 levels and in the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and glutathione s-transferase at the dosage of 150 mg SMZ/kg body weight. Cytochrome P-450 and the activity of aniline hydroxylase were significantly decreased at 300 mg SMZ/kg body weight when compared to 150 mg SMZ/kg body weight. Other doses produced no significant changes in the parameters studied. One hundred fifty mg SMZ/kg for 1 or 3 d caused significant induction of cytochrome b5, cytochrome P-450, the drug metabolizing enzymes and glutathione s-transferase; however, 5 d of SMZ produced no significant changes. The in vitro 10 mM SMZ inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase and the induction of enzymes at 150 mg SMZ/kg body weight indicates that SMZ is a substrate of the mixed function oxidase system and may be an inducer of specific forms of cytochrome P-450.
Insights
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) at 150 mg/kg for 1-3 days significantly boosted drug metabolism enzymes in chickens. Higher doses or longer durations reduced these effects, indicating SMZ
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a widely used sulfonamide antibiotic.
- Understanding its metabolic effects in poultry is crucial for drug safety and efficacy.
- Cytochrome P-450 enzymes are key in drug metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of SMZ administration on drug-metabolizing enzymes in chickens.
- To determine dose- and duration-dependent effects of SMZ on these enzymes.
Main Methods:
- Chickens were administered varying doses of SMZ (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) for 1, 3, or 5 days.
- Levels of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and glutathione S-transferase were measured.
- In vitro inhibition assays were performed.
Main Results:
- A dose of 150 mg/kg SMZ for 1 or 3 days significantly induced cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and related enzyme activities.
- Higher dose (300 mg/kg) or longer duration (5 days) of SMZ administration led to decreased or no significant changes in these parameters.
- In vitro studies suggested SMZ acts as a substrate for the mixed-function oxidase system.
Conclusions:
- SMZ exhibits dose- and duration-dependent effects on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in chickens.
- The 150 mg/kg dose for short durations appears to be a potent inducer of specific cytochrome P-450 forms.
- These findings highlight the complex interaction between SMZ and the avian metabolic system.