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[Tick-transmitted arbovirus in Maghreb]

C Chastel1, H Bailly-Choumara, D Bach-Hamba

  • 1Laboratoire de Virologie, Faculté de Médecine, Brest, France.

Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique (1990)
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Arbovirus infections in the Maghreb are understudied despite diverse habitats and migratory birds. Researchers isolated four tick-borne arboviruses, including Soldado virus, which can infect humans, highlighting potential public health risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Medical Entomology
  • Arthropod-borne Viruses

Context:

  • The Maghreb region's ecological diversity and migratory bird routes create a high potential for arbovirus introduction and transmission.
  • Arbovirus surveillance in this region has historically been limited, despite evidence of West Nile virus circulation since 1968.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the presence and diversity of tick-borne arboviruses in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
  • To identify potential reservoirs and vectors of arboviruses in the Maghreb.
  • To assess the risk of arbovirus infections in humans and animals in the region.

Summary:

  • A decade-long study (1979-1989) involved virological analysis of 1607 ticks collected from various hosts across Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
  • Four tick-borne arboviruses were isolated: Soldado (Nairovirus), Essaouira (Orbivirus), and Kala Iris (Orbivirus) from ticks in Morocco, and Tunis (Phlebovirus) from ticks in Tunisia.

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  • Soldado virus, isolated from ticks on marine birds, poses a potential risk to humans involved in ornithological or entomological work, causing febrile illness and pruritus.

    • Impact:

    • Identified four novel tick-borne arboviruses in the Maghreb, expanding knowledge of viral diversity in the region.
    • Detected antibodies to Essaouira virus in a wild rodent and Uukuniemi group viruses in rodents, indicating broader host involvement.
    • Raises awareness of potential arbovirus threats, including the possibility of introducing highly pathogenic viruses like Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever, necessitating enhanced surveillance and control strategies.