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Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds

J C Spain1

  • 1Armstrong Laboratory, US Air Force, AL/EQC, Tyndall AFB, Florida 32403, USA.

Annual Review of Microbiology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Microbial systems transform nitroaromatic compounds, pollutants from human activities. Both anaerobic bacteria and fungi, alongside aerobic bacteria utilizing specific enzymatic pathways, offer promising biodegradation and biocatalysis applications.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nitroaromatic compounds, originating from anthropogenic sources like fuel combustion, dyes, pesticides, and explosives, pose environmental challenges.
  • These compounds are prevalent in the biosphere and require effective degradation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microbial systems capable of transforming and biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds.
  • To explore the biochemical pathways employed by various microorganisms for nitroaromatic compound metabolism.
  • To highlight the potential applications of these microbial transformations in bioremediation and biocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on microbial degradation of nitroaromatic compounds.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways utilized by anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and aerobic bacteria.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Identification of specific enzymes and reaction mechanisms involved in nitro group transformation.

    • Main Results:

    • Anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio spp., Clostridium) reduce nitro groups to amines and can degrade nitroaromatic compounds into smaller acids, effective for munitions and pesticide destruction.
    • Fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, mineralize nitroaromatic compounds like dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene, showing bioremediation potential.
    • Aerobic bacteria employ diverse strategies including hydride addition, monooxygenation, dioxygenation, and hydroxylamine formation for nitro group removal and ring cleavage.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbial transformation of nitroaromatic compounds offers viable solutions for environmental contaminant biodegradation.
    • Specific enzymatic pathways in aerobic bacteria enable productive metabolism and detoxification.
    • These microbial processes hold significant potential for bioremediation and the biocatalytic synthesis of valuable organic molecules.