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Sequential contrast effects with retarded subjects after discrimination learning with and without errors

J L Lambert

    British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study demonstrates sequential contrast effects in adults and children with intellectual disabilities. Reinforcement rates increased after extinction periods, supporting errorless learning theories.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Sequential contrast effects are well-documented in animal research.
    • Limited research exists on these effects in human subjects, particularly those with intellectual disabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate sequential contrast effects in adults and children with intellectual disabilities.
    • To examine the influence of errorless versus error-based discrimination training on these effects.
    • To assess the findings in relation to Terrace's theory of errorless learning.

    Main Methods:

    • Four adults with intellectual disabilities were exposed to a multiple variable interval-extinction schedule.
    • Two subjects received errorless discrimination training, while two received training with errors.
    • Eight children with intellectual disabilities were exposed to a multiple fixed ratio-extinction schedule.

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    Main Results:

    • Sequential contrast effects were observed in all participants.
    • Response rates during reinforcement were higher following extinction periods compared to reinforcement periods.
    • These effects were consistent across both errorless and error-based training procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides the first demonstration of sequential contrast effects in human subjects during discrimination acquisition without errors.
    • The findings support the efficacy of errorless learning procedures in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
    • Results align with Terrace's theory of errorless learning, suggesting its applicability to this population.