Developmental changes in blood-brain barrier potassium permeability in the rat: relation to brain growth

1. The potassium permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined in anaesthetized rats aged between 21 days gestation and adult using 86Rb+ as a marker for potassium. 2. The brain influx rate constant for 86Rb+ was high in fetal cortex at 21 days gestation (42.5 +/- 4.3 microliters g-1 min-1) but had decreased markedly by just after birth (12.2 +/- 0.6 microliters g-1 min-1). There was a further, gradual, postnatal decline to 7.0 +/- 0.3 microliters g-1 min-1 by 50 days after birth. 3. Developmental changes in passive BBB permeability were examined over the same age range using 14[C]urea. These studies showed similar developmental changes in influx rate to those found for 86Rb+. Specifically, a marked perinatal decline followed by a more gradual postnatal fall. Thus, the changes in potassium permeability probably reflect a decrease in the BBB paracellular leak during development. 4. The changes in BBB permeability coincide with changes in the rate of brain growth and the associated rate of brain potassium accumulation. As the potassium permeability properties of the adult BBB would provide insufficient potassium influx to meet the requirement associated with fetal brain growth, it is suggested that need for potassium may be the reason for the greater BBB permeability early in development.