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The dynamics of collapsible tubes

C D Bertram1

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Collapsible tubes in biology, like blood vessels, exhibit complex fluid-structure interactions. These phenomena can lead to unique flow behaviors and self-excited oscillations, crucial for understanding physiological fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomechanics
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Biological fluid conduits, such as blood vessels, possess flexible walls and are subject to external pressures during physiological processes.
  • These conduits often become non-circular, with significant changes in shape and cross-sectional area occurring even with minor transmural pressure variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex fluid-structure interactions within collapsible tubes, focusing on their implications for biological fluid flow.
  • To analyze the resulting nonlinear constitutive relationships and the strong coupling between fluid and solid mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fluid flow in flexible, collapsible tubes under varying pressure conditions.
  • Examination of the relationship between pressure drop and flow rate, including regions with negative slopes.
  • Investigation of self-excited oscillations at high Reynolds numbers and the potential for chaotic behavior.

Main Results:

  • Collapsible tubes demonstrate highly nonlinear constitutive relationships and strong fluid-solid mechanics coupling.
  • Flow control can lead to pressure-drop-independent flow-rate or flow-rate-independent pressure-drop.
  • High Reynolds number flow can induce self-excited oscillations in various modes, including aperiodic and potentially chaotic ones.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the intricate dynamics of collapsible tubes, relevant to mammalian blood, air, and urine flow, as well as invertebrate jetting and avian syrinx.
  • Understanding these phenomena is key to comprehending physiological fluid transport and potential instabilities.
  • Further research is needed to distinguish intrinsic chaotic oscillations from turbulent flow sensitivity, with ongoing investigations into periodic upstream forcing responses.

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