Ochratoxin A and citrinin induced nephrosis in Beagle dogs. I. Clinical and clinicopathological features

Ochratoxin A and citrinin, both mycotoxins, were given separately and combined to young Beagle dogs for 14 days. Ochratoxin A, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg, was given by capsule, and citrinin, 5 and 10 mg/kg, was dissolved in ethanol and given by intraperitoneal injection. Clinical signs of toxicosis in dogs given 10 mg/kg citrinin and the higher combined doses included anorexia, retching, tenesmus, weight loss, prostration and death. Severity of the clinical disease and mortality were increased when the mycotoxins were combined, which indicated synergism. The clinicopathological abnormalities reflected renal damage, in that glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase increased in the urine of the dogs with clinical signs of poisoning. Serum lactic dehydrogenase was increased in dogs given 10 mg/kg citrinin. Cellular and granular casts, ketones, protein and glucose were in the urine of dogs given large doses of citrinin alone or combined with ochratoxin A. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride in the dogs given high doses of each group.